论文提要
世界反法西斯战争已经结束将近六十年了，关于那场战争的性质，历史早已做出了公正的判决。然而时至今日，日本国内仍然存在着否定侵略战争的思潮，这不仅严重伤害了中国人民的感情，影响今后中日关系的健康发展，而且也是对世界和平与正义的挑战，非常值得人们深思。本文拟从战后国际社会对日本战争罪行的处理以及日本现实社会发展两个层面，对日本国内否定侵略战争性质的思潮做一分析，以加深对此问题的认识。
德国与日本政府在对待侵略战争问题上的态度不同的原因很多，其中战后国际社会对德国和日本战争罪行清算的程度不同，是两国对待侵略战争态度大相径庭的重要原因之一。
在战后国际社会对日处理中，美国凭借其强大的实力，垄断对日占领。美国的占领政策，直接关系到对军国主义的清算是否彻底，关系到战后日本国家的政治走向。
美国对日本军国主义铲除得很不彻底，最显著的表现就是保留了日本的天皇制。由于保留天皇制，就不可能清除明治维新以来日本社会存在的“忠君”思想，不利于彻底清算日本军国主义的罪行，也为日本右翼势力为侵略战争翻案提供了条件。
日本经济经过持续十几年的高速增长后，在20世纪80年代初期，日本成为世界瞩目的经济大国。日本人从战败的失落中走出来日本政府有意识地推动政治大国化，有意识地强化国家观念，改变“谢罪”外交，树立良好的形象。日本出现了否定侵略战争历史的思潮。
20世纪90年代末到新世纪，经济持续低迷，原有的劳资关系、管理体制已经不适应信息时代发展的需要，日本的教育也面临着严峻的考验。日本有人认为需要重新振奋民族精神，增强国民的民族自信心，建设强有力的国家，该向学生灌输日本是“优秀民族”的思想，对目前的教育进行全面改革。因而不断出现为侵略战争翻案的逆流。
Analyzing the Reasons for Japanese Denials of the
History of the Invasion War against China
Shi Guifang
Professor, Capital Normal University
Abstract
The Second World War ended almost sixty years ago; history has already made fair concluding judgments regarding the nature of that war. However, even to this day there are still those inside Japan who want to deny that the war Japan waged was of an aggressive nature. This has not only seriously hurt the feelings of the Chinese people and affects the healthy development of Sino-Japanese relationship, but also it poses a challenge to world peace and justice. This is something for us to ponder seriously. This article attempts to analyze the thinking process behind the Japanese denial that the war was of an aggressive nature from the two following angles: 1) the treatment of the war crime by the postwar international community, and 2) the development of the current Japanese society, in an effort to gain better understanding of this subject.
Regarding the question of aggression, there are many reasons for Germany and Japan to take different attitudes. Different treatment of the war crimes of these nations by the international community is one of the major reasons that the two nations took drastic different attitudes.
During the postwar treatment toward Japan by the international community the United States, using its tremendous military might, monopolized the occupation of Japan. The US occupation policy directly influenced the purging of Japanese militarism, and affected the postwar the political direction Japan took.
The purge of Japanese militarism by the US was incomplete; the most noted example is retaining the Japanese emperor. Keeping the emperor means that “loyalty to the emperor,” a notion which has been prevalent in the Japanese society since The Meiji Restoration times would not be eradicated. This not only makes it difficult to completely purge the crimes of Japanese Militarism, but also provides the Japanese rightists an opportunity to revise the history of Japan’s aggressive war.
After more than one decade of rapid economy growth, Japan became a major economic power in the world during the 1980s. Japanese came out of the lost war as a defeated nation, and the Japanese government deliberately promoted Japan as a major political power, and purposely emphasize the concept of nationalism. The government also reversed the “remorse” diplomacy and promoted a good image. Thus, the notion developed denying that the war Japan waged was of an aggressive nature.
Due to the economic slow down, from 1990s to the twenty-first century, the original Japanese labor relations and management system no longer meets the needs of the information era, and the Japanese education faces a serious challenge. There are Japanese today who believe that there is a need to revive nationalism, to enhance the confidence of Japanese people, to build a stronger nation, to promulgate the notion to the students that Japan is a “super race,” and overhaul the current education. This is the reason for the repeated appearances of revisionism.